Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) usually develops gradually, often starting as a mild ache in the wrist that extends up the forearm or down into the hand. As the condition worsens, individuals may experience tingling or numbness in the fingers, or pain radiating through the entire arm. Some people also notice weakness in the hand and arm, which may make it difficult to grasp small objects. These symptoms are typically most pronounced when a person first wakes up.

While CTS is commonly associated with pain and tingling in the fingers, it is important to note that the pinky finger is not affected. If symptoms are felt in the pinky, another condition may be the cause.

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Risk Factors for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

The causes of CTS are often unknown, but certain factors may increase the likelihood of developing the condition. In some cases, CTS can result from a genetic predisposition, where individuals may have an abnormally small carpal tunnel, which puts pressure on the median nerve. Though the idea that repetitive motions, such as using a computer mouse, contribute to CTS has not been conclusively proven, the following risk factors have been identified:

  • Inflammatory conditions (e.g., arthritis)
  • Diabetes
  • Obesity
  • Fluid retention
  • Thyroid disorders
  • Kidney failure
  • Use of oral contraceptives
  • Injury

Any pressure on the median nerve, whether from the aforementioned conditions or other causes, can trigger symptoms of CTS.

Diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is typically diagnosed through a thorough medical history and physical examination. Diagnostic tests such as an electromyogram (EMG), which records the electrical activity of nerves and muscles, may be used to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

In many cases, CTS can be managed effectively by avoiding or modifying the activity that is causing the symptoms. Additional treatment options include:

  • Resting the hands to reduce strain
  • Applying cold packs to reduce inflammation
  • Taking anti-inflammatory medications to relieve pain
  • Receiving corticosteroid injections to reduce swelling and inflammation
  • Wearing splints to stabilize the wrist and reduce pressure on the median nerve
  • Physical therapy to improve mobility and strengthen muscles around the wrist

For more severe cases of CTS, such as those that interfere with daily activities or cause nerve damage, surgery may be necessary. This involves cutting the ligament pressing on the median nerve, either through endoscopic or open surgery. After surgery, it is crucial to stop or modify activities that may have caused CTS to prevent recurrence.

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