A stress fracture is a small crack in a bone caused by repetitive stress or pressure over time. These fractures are common in athletes who engage in sports or activities that repeatedly impact the bones. While stress fractures can occur in anyone, they are particularly common among athletes such as runners, dancers, gymnasts, and players of basketball or tennis. Stress fractures can also be a result of conditions that weaken the bones.
Request an AppointmentSymptoms of Stress Fractures
Stress fractures most commonly occur in weight-bearing bones of the lower leg and foot, although they can rarely affect the forearm. Initially, the pain from a stress fracture may be mild but typically worsens over time. Other symptoms may include swelling or bruising around the affected area. Stress fractures are diagnosed through diagnostic imaging tests such as X-rays, MRI scans, and bone scans.
Risk Factors for Stress Fractures
Athletes, particularly in sports like track and field, have an increased risk of stress fractures. However, they can also occur in people who suddenly start a new activity or engage in excessive exercise. Military recruits are especially prone due to intense physical training. Other risk factors for stress fractures include:
- Abnormal or absent menstrual periods
- Flat feet or high arches
- Weak bones due to osteoporosis, bone cancer, or other diseases
- Long-term use of corticosteroids or other medications that weaken bones
Treatment of Stress Fractures
The treatment for a stress fracture depends on its location and severity. The general approach includes:
- Resting the affected bone
- Applying ice to reduce swelling
- Limiting weight-bearing activities
- Using a cast, splint, or tape to immobilize the injured area
- Using crutches or a cane to reduce pressure on the affected leg or foot
In severe cases, especially when blood circulation is poor or the patient has had multiple stress fractures, surgery may be required. Surgical treatment often involves internal fixation, where metal pins or screws are used to hold the bone in place while it heals.
After surgery, physical rehabilitation is necessary to help restore strength and function. Gradual resumption of physical activity is important to avoid further stress on the healing bone.