The meniscus is a C-shaped piece of tough cartilage in the knee that serves as a cushion between the shinbone and thighbone. Each knee has two menisci: the medial meniscus on the inner side and the lateral meniscus on the outer side. A meniscus tear typically occurs due to forceful twisting or rotation of the knee, especially when the knee is bent. This injury is common in athletes and often results from sports or traumatic incidents. However, it can also occur in older adults due to cartilage degeneration from years of joint wear and tear.

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Symptoms of a Meniscus Tear

Meniscus tears often begin with a distinct popping or clicking sound at the moment of injury. While many individuals can still walk or even continue playing sports immediately afterward, the knee typically becomes swollen and stiff within a few days. Common symptoms include:

  • Persistent pain, especially with knee movement or twisting
  • Stiffness
  • Swelling
  • Inability to fully straighten the knee
  • Locking or catching sensation in the joint

Diagnosis of a Meniscus Tear

Diagnosis begins with a physical examination and review of the patient’s symptoms and medical history. Tenderness along the joint line often indicates a meniscus tear. A commonly used diagnostic method is the McMurray test, where the knee is bent, straightened, and rotated to check for clicking or pain.

Imaging tests such as X-rays, MRI, or CT scans may be used to confirm the tear and assess its severity and location.

Treatment for a Meniscus Tear

If left untreated, a torn meniscus can lead to loose cartilage fragments in the joint, potentially causing the knee to slip or lock. Treatment depends on the tear’s severity and location, with initial care focusing on conservative methods:

  • Rest and elevation
  • Ice application
  • Anti-inflammatory medications

If symptoms persist, arthroscopic surgery may be necessary. This minimally invasive procedure involves inserting a camera (arthroscope) and surgical instruments through small incisions. Treatment options include:

  • Meniscus repair – suturing the torn edges to allow healing
  • Meniscectomy – trimming away the damaged portion of the meniscus

Post-surgical care often involves physical therapy to strengthen supporting muscles and restore mobility. Recovery from meniscus repair may take several months and often requires temporary use of crutches and joint immobilization.

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