A ganglion cyst is a fluid-filled sac that typically forms over a tendon or the covering of a joint, most commonly in the wrist or hand. It is the most common type of soft-tissue growth found in these areas. While ganglion cysts are generally benign and harmless, they can cause discomfort if they press on nearby nerves, potentially leading to pain, weakness, or numbness. The exact cause of ganglion cysts is unknown, but they tend to occur in individuals with osteoarthritis, and are more common in women aged 25 to 45. These cysts often form when the soft sheath around a tendon or joint swells and fills with mucus.
Request an AppointmentSigns of a Ganglion Cyst
Ganglion cysts typically appear as small, raised lumps filled with a gelatinous fluid. They can develop in various locations, including:
- Back of the wrist (most common location)
- Front of the wrist
- Behind a fingernail
- Palm at the base of a finger
Although ganglion cysts are usually not harmful, they may cause discomfort if they press against nerves or other tissues.
Treatment for a Ganglion Cyst
In many cases, ganglion cysts do not require treatment unless they are causing symptoms such as pain or affecting the function of the hand or wrist. Some individuals may also choose to treat the cyst for cosmetic reasons. Ganglion cysts may also disappear on their own over time. Depending on the size of the cyst and the severity of symptoms, treatment options include:
Aspiration
Aspiration is a minimally invasive procedure in which the fluid inside the cyst is drained using a syringe. This can provide relief from pain and swelling. Aspiration is sometimes combined with a steroid injection, which helps reduce inflammation. In the past, wrist immobilization with a splint was common after aspiration, but recent studies suggest that splinting offers little benefit, so it is not as commonly recommended.
Surgery
Surgery may be considered if the ganglion cyst is painful, interferes with joint movement, or causes symptoms like tingling or numbness. The surgical procedure is typically done under local anesthesia and involves the complete removal of the cyst and any tissue attached to it. After surgery, physical therapy may be recommended to help rehabilitate the hand or wrist.
Surgical removal is generally more effective than aspiration in preventing the cyst from returning. However, even after surgery, ganglion cysts can sometimes reappear.
Conclusion
Ganglion cysts are generally harmless and may resolve on their own, but if they cause discomfort or interfere with hand function, treatment options like aspiration or surgery are available. Consulting with a healthcare provider can help determine the best approach based on the cyst’s size and the severity of symptoms.