A hip fracture is a break in the upper portion of the femur, where the bone curves toward the hip joint. The hip itself is a ball-and-socket joint, with the ball at the top of the femur fitting into the socket of the pelvis (acetabulum), allowing for leg movement and rotation. Most hip fractures occur due to falls or direct impacts to the side of the hip. They are especially common in older adults, often due to osteoporosis or age-related bone weakening. Additional risk factors include certain medications, chronic health conditions, and a history of heavy tobacco or alcohol use, all of which can reduce bone strength and increase the likelihood of fractures.

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Symptoms of a Hip Fracture

After a hip fracture, an individual may be unable to stand or walk and may experience:

  • Severe pain in the hip or groin
  • Swelling and bruising
  • Inability to bear weight on the affected leg
  • The leg on the injured side may appear shorter or turned outward

Diagnosis of a Hip Fracture

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination followed by imaging tests such as:

  • X-rays
  • CT scans
  • MRI scans

These tests help determine the exact location and severity of the fracture.

Treatment of a Hip Fracture

Surgical intervention is the most common treatment for hip fractures and may include:

  • Insertion of screws, rods, or plates to stabilize the bone
  • Partial hip replacement (replacing part of the femur)
  • Total hip replacement (replacing both the femoral head and the hip socket)

Post-surgery, a tailored physical therapy program is essential to restore mobility, strengthen the leg, and improve range of motion.

In rare cases where surgery isn’t possible—typically due to serious underlying health conditions—a hip fracture may be managed with prolonged bed rest and immobilization, although this approach is uncommon.

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